- Artisan guilds
- See Guilds; Trade Unions.
Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry. Francesca Sterlacci and Joanne Arbuckle.
Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry. Francesca Sterlacci and Joanne Arbuckle.
Guilds — Trade guilds date back to India (circa 2000 B.C.) and shoemakers artisan guilds developed during the Roman Empire. Most guilds required long apprenticeships before achieving master status and had strict rules in order to maintain quality and… … Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry
Guilds — • Voluntary associations for religious, social, and commercial purposes Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Guilds Guilds † … Catholic encyclopedia
CRAFTS — In the Bible Genesis 4:2, 17, 20–22 describes Cain and four of his descendants as the first to engage in crafts. Cain worked the land, Enoch engaged in building, Jubal, in music, Jabal (like Abel) was a shepherd, and Tubal Cain worked with metals … Encyclopedia of Judaism
India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… … Universalium
ECONOMIC HISTORY — This article is arranged according to the following outline: first temple period exile and restoration second temple period talmudic era muslim middle ages medieval christendom economic doctrines early modern period sephardim and ashkenazim… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
japan — japanner, n. /jeuh pan /, n., adj., v., japanned, japanning. n. 1. any of various hard, durable, black varnishes, originally from Japan, for coating wood, metal, or other surfaces. 2. work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner. 3. Japans,… … Universalium
Japan — /jeuh pan /, n. 1. a constitutional monarchy on a chain of islands off the E coast of Asia: main islands, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku. 125,716,637; 141,529 sq. mi. (366,560 sq. km). Cap.: Tokyo. Japanese, Nihon, Nippon. 2. Sea of, the… … Universalium
Ottoman System in the Balkans — By the early sixteenth century most of the Balkan Peninsula’s Christians were submerged within the Ottomans’ Islamic theocratic society. In traditional Islamic civilization, no separation existed between religious and secular matters, and… … Wikipedia
Ottoman Empire — a former Turkish empire that was founded about 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century; collapsed after World War I. Cap.: Constantinople. Also called Turkish Empire. * * * Former empire… … Universalium
GemStone IV — is a text based role playing game (often known as a MUD) produced by Simutronics. Players control characters in a High Fantasy game world named Elanthia. The first playable version of the game was known as GemStone II and was launched in April… … Wikipedia